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Astronomy: Venera
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The Venera lander was used by the Soviet Union to study the planet Venus. In an attempted Venus flyby in 1961 contact was lost with the Venera 1. The Venera 2 succesfully performed a flyby. With Venera 3 an attempt was made to impact on Venus. Contact was lost. The Venera 4 was the first Venera lander, but was crushed by the atmospheric pressure at an altitude of 24 km. Venera 5 and 6 were also crushed before landing. In 1970 Venera 7 was the first spacecraft ever to return data from the surface of another planet to scientists on Earth. Venus has a 90 times stronger atmospheric pressure than on Earth, recorded with a temperature of 460o C at the surface (870o) In 1982 Venera 13 parachuted to the surface and took the first color panoramic pictures of Venus. Related subject>> Venus |
 The Venera 15 in the Cosmos Museum in Moscow < JPG image 400 X 497 pixels >  The first panoramic view from Venus by Soviet lander Venera 13 on 1 March 1982. < JPG image 969 X 438 pixels > |
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